BPH Migas: Kuota BBM Jebol karena Harga BBM Terlalu Murah

Pebrianto Eko Wicaksono - Okezone

JAKARTA - Badan Pengatur Hilir Minyak dan Gas Bumi (BPH Migas) menyatakan salah satu penyebab jebolnya kuota BBM bersubsidi adalah Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) bersubsidi terlalu murah. Sehingga ada perbedaan harga BBM nonsubsidi yang terlalu tinggi.

Kepala BPH Migas Andi Noorsaman Sommeng mengatakan adanya perpindahaan penggunaan BBM nonsubsidi ke BBM subsidi sehingga kouta BBM subsidi terancam jebol.

"Harga BBM subsidi terlalu sangat murah," kata Andi di kantornya, Jakarta, Selasa (4/9/2012).

Menurut Andi, di negara lain yang sedang berkembang harga BBM-nya hampir dua kali lipat dari harga keekonomian. Karena itu, mahalnya harga BBM dapat mendukung pengembangan energi baru dan terbarukan.

"Ini kan berhubungan dengan pengembangan energi baru terbarukan kalau harga BBMnya masih murah," ungkap Andi.

Andi menambahkan, dengan harga BBM nonsubsidi terlalu murah maka rencana pemerintah untuk mengembangkan energi baru terbarukan belum sepenuhnya bisa dilaksanakan.

"Harga BBM nonsubsidi Rp9.000 per liter juga terlalu murah kalau kita bicarakan pengembangan energi baru terbarukan," tandas Andi. (gna)

http://economy.okezone.com/read/2012/09/04/19/684957/bph-migas-kuota-bbm-jebol-karena-harga-bbm-terlalu-murah

KOMENTAR:

Memang sudah sepantasnya harga BBM naik, saat ini harga BBM Rp.4500 per liter jauh lebih rendah dari harga pokoknya dan harus ditutupi dari APBN. Mengingat besarnya tingkat konsumsi BBM oleh masyarakat menyebabkan pembengkakan subsidi untuk BBM yang dinilai kurang tepat karena selama ini mayoritas masyarakat kelas mengengah keataslah yang menikmati subsidi tersebut . saat ini haraga BBM di Indonesia paling murah di ASEAN.  Oleh karena itu saya setuju dengan pengurangan subsidi BBM dan sangat  mendukung program pemerintah untuk mengalihkan subsidi BBM ke pendidikan, insfrastuktur, BLSM dll. Yang dinilai tepat sasaran ke masyarakat yang berhak menerima subsidi, oleh karena itu seharusnya kita mendukung program ini.  Memang dampak dari kenaikan harga BBM bersubsidi langsung berdampak pada naiknya harga-harga sembako dan transportasi dll. Oleh karena itu saya berhaarap pemerintah memiliki strategi khusus untuk menekan  inflasi dan mengontrol harga-harga komoditi lainya agar kebijakan  menaikan harga BBM bersubsidi ini tidak membuat roda perekonomian di masyarakat menurun. 

GRAMMAR ON TOEFL TEST

A. TENSES

PRESENT TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness.

I eat.
I sleep.
I play.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Present Continuous, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous.

I am eating.
I am sleeping.
I am playing.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

In Present Perfect, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect.

I have eaten.
I have slept.
I have played.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Present Perfect Continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still ongoing.

I have been eating.
I have been sleeping.
I have been playing.

PAST TENSES

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

In Simple Past, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past.

I ate.
I slept.
I played.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Past Continuous, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past.

I was eating.
I was sleeping.
I was playing.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past.

I had eaten.
I had slept.
I had played.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past.

I had been eating.
I had been sleeping.
I had been playing.

FUTURE TENSES

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future.

I will eat.
I will sleep.
I will play.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment.

I will be eating at 9 a.m.
I will be sleeping when you arrive.
I will be playing at 5 p.m.
 

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future Perfect expresses action that will occur in the future before another action in the future.

I will have eaten before 10 a.m.
I will have slept before you arrive.
I will have played before 6 p.m.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future.

I will have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive.
I will have been playing for an hour when it is 5 p.m.

B. Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences (also known as "conditional clauses" or "if clauses") are made up of two halves. One half (the half with the word "if" in) is a condition, and the other half (the main clause) states the action to occur if the condition is fulfilled.

There are three types of conditional sentence:
Conditional Sentence Type 1

Type 1 sentences are used when it is likely that the condition will be fulfilled. It is formed like this:

"if" + [Simple Present], "will" + [Verb]

·         If you swallow some of the cleaning fluid, it will kill you.

·         If I get a little humility, I will be perfect.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

Type 2 sentences are used when it is unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. It is formed like this:

"if" +[Simple Past], "would" + [Verb]

·         If you swallowed some of the cleaning fluid, it would kill you.

·         If I had a little humility, I would be perfect.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

Type 3 sentences are used when it is impossible for condition to be fulfilled because the possibility has already passed. It is formed like this:

"if" + [Past Perfect], "would have" + [Past Participle]

·         If you had swallowed some of the cleaning fluid, it would have killed you.

·         If I had had a little humility, I would have been perfect.

Using Commas in Conditional Sentences

When the condition is at the start of the sentence (like in all the examples above), it is usual to separate it from the main clause with a comma. However, if the condition is at the back of the sentence,it is less common to use a comma. (You can still use a comma to assist your reader if you think it aids understanding.)

·         It will kill you if you swallow some of the cleaning fluid.

·         I would have been perfect if I had had a little humility.

The Example of Grammar in Toefl Questions

1. With the passing of time and the encroachment of people, the habitat of gorillas ______ to decrease.

           a. Continuing

       b. Which continue

       c. Continues

       d. That it has continued

         Answer :   c. continues

                           Because this is sentence to use simple present tense

2.   Despite being basically arboreal in nature, koalas ________ to inhabit a specific territory and range of some 30 square miles.

            a. Knowing

            b. Which know

            c. Are knowing

            d. Are known

Answer :   d. are known

Because this is sentence to use simple past tense

3. “If I had been in your place, I ________________(say) this.”

(a) “If I had been in your place, I would have said this.”
(b) “If I had being in your place, I would have said this.”
(c) Don’t Know

Answer : a. “If I had been in your place, I would have said this.

5. I will call you next week if I________(want) a lesson.

(a) I will call you next week if I want a lesson.
(b) I would call you next week if I want a lesson.
(c) Don’t Know

answer : a. I will call you next week if I want a lesson.

TOEFL TIPS FOR LISTENING SECTIONS

How to overcome the listening  toefl test in my opinion (writer opinion)

Before confront the toefl test, you should keep training daily. You must hear and speak in English everyday. This activity can be done with listening song in English, wathing film with English conversation and chating with English conversation. Chating with English conversation is  the best best way in this training, because your brain can be habituate accept the english words. When you are practising for the listening sections, don't play the tape or CD more than once. On the real test you will only hear everything once. You have to train your ears to listen fully the first time. During the real exam, don't look back at a listening question after you have decided on an answer. You cannot change it. Learn to listen for main ideas, presentation (compare/contrast etc.), and key details. Ok that’s preparation non technique.

The truly preparation when you in listening toefl test is

• ·         Pray
• ·         Prepare supporting tools
• ·         Keep calm
• ·         Don’t be panic
• ·         Focus
• ·         concentration

Other opinion (Quoted by writer)

Familiarize yourself with the TOEFL format

Most countries now offer the Internet based TOEFL (iBT). A few offer only the paper-based test (PBT). Make sure you find out which test you will be taking before you start studying for the TOEFL. You cannot choose to take the paper based test if your country offers the iBT. One reason people experience exam stress is because they don't know what to expect before a test. Prevent stress on exam day by studying the format of the test in detail. ETS has very clear standards about the format of their test. This is why it is called a "standardized" test.

Research TOEFL score requirements

The TOEFL is required for any non-native English student who wants to go to a post-secondary school in the United States. Most people take the TOEFL in order to apply to a specific school or program. Before you begin studying, find out what the requirements are for the schools you are interested in going to. Remember that the scores for the paper based test are different than the scores for the iBT. Some schools will look at your scores from different sections. Each iBT section is scored out of 30. Many universities expect you to achieve higher writing skills than speaking skills. TOEFL scores are only valid for two years.

Learn academic English

TOEFL is used for a different purpose than other ESL tests. The TOEFL measures your ability to succeed in an American university or college. Other English-speaking countries also require TOEFL scores as a prerequisite for admission. You don't have to know about the business world as you do in the TOEIC test. Instead, you should concentrate on studying language that you would hear and see on campus and in the classroom. In other words, you should read textbooks, encyclopaedias, journals and research articles rather than advertisements and resumes. You won't need to know any background information about certain subjects, but it will help you to become familiar with the presentation and language used in academic material. You should also watch modern television and movies. If you have a friend who goes to an English university, go to class with him as often as you can. Borrow his books and hang out with his friends.

Use practice tests

The best way to prepare for the TOEFL is to practise doing the tests. If you are taking a TOEFL class, your teacher will provide you with plenty of material. If you are studying for the TOEFL on your own, you will have to purchase a few key resources. Find a textbook that has exercises, vocabulary, practice tests, CDs, and explanatory answers. You might not want to work through a book from front to back. Work on the sections that you find most challenging. Don't just rely on one book. You might have a book that is much easier than the official TOEFL. Look for free samples on the Internet to supplement your textbook. Make sure the question types are up to date.

Find a mentor

A reliable native English teacher who knows a lot about the TOEFL is one of the best resources a student can have. You will have many questions that your textbook can't answer for you. Frustrated students often give up. It is important that you have someone who will answer your questions and encourage you when you feel down. If you cannot afford a teacher or a tutor, find a student who has studied for the test before. Sometimes other students can give you excellent hints and help you with grammar questions. You might be able to help other students with their questions too. Teaching another person is a great way to learn. If you use Twitter, search for "TOEFL". You will find teachers and students to follow and network with. Join the TOEFL Groupon MyEC. Provide support to others and share tips on finding free practice tests. 

Build up your stamina

The TOEFL test takes a long time to write. If you are taking the paper based test it will take you about 2.5 hours. The iBT is much longer. You can expect to be at the computer for 4 hours. Many students have an attention span of about two hours. This is the maximum length of most classes. After this amount of time performance starts to weaken. If you keep your study sessions to one or two hours, your brain will not be prepared to work for four. Start off with short study sessions, and work up to longer ones. It is absolutely necessary that you get a good night's sleep before this test. You cannot afford to be tired.

Arrive prepared

If you arrive at the test centre with all of the things you need, you will feel calm and ready. When you are nervous, your memory does not work as well. Make sure you know exactly how to get to the test centre and where you can park. Bring the correct amount of money for parking. If you are writing the paper based test, you should have a number of pencils, a pencil sharpener and a few erasers that don't smudge. It is also important that your identification looks valid. If you have had problems with your ID before, make sure to bring a backup photo. Don't forget any paper work that ETS sends you to prove that you have registered.

Pace yourself

Plan to arrive at the test centre at least 30 minutes ahead of time. Wear a watch. This is especially important if you are taking the paper based test. Some exam rooms do not have clocks. The iBT has a clock on the screen, however, you should still wear a watch to make sure that you arrive on time! During the exam, watch your time very closely. Many students do poorly on the TOEFL because they spend too much time on difficult questions. There is no break between the Reading and Listening section. You will get a ten minute break after the first half before the Speaking section. You will only have a short time to write the essay. Spend some time planning and checking your writing. 

Improve your typing skills

You will have to fill out your answers on the computer and type your essay. If you rely on a few fingers to type, consider improving your typing skills before taking the TOEFL. Make sure that you are confident typing on a QWERTY keyboard. If you aren't, search for typing practice drills online. Even if your typing skills are strong, try doing practice tests on other computers. Some students get so used to their own computer that they get nervous when they have to type on a new keyboard or use a different mouse on test day.

Become an expert note taker

You will be able to take notes in each section as you take the TOEFL iBT. Note taking is allowed because it is an important skill you need for taking university or college courses. As you study, practise taking notes on the main idea of what you read and hear as well as on the main details. Do this throughout your day as you listen to news reports, read websites, and watch TV. Create your own shorthand for frequently used words and phrases.

Lorenzo: Bersama Yamaha, Rossi Akan Kembali ke Level Terbaik

Bangkok - Jorge Lorenzo menilai buruknya prestasi Valentino Rossi bersama Ducati dikarenakan motor Desmosedici yang sulit ditaklukkan. Saat Rossi kembali menunggangi Yamaha, Lorenzo yakin Rossi akan bisa bersinar lagi. Selama dua musim memperkuat Ducati, Rossi tak sekali pun meraih kemenangan. The Doctor cuma tiga kali naik podium dan dari tiga podium itu cuma satu yang dia dapatkan dalam balapan kering.

Di klasemen akhir, Rossi juga jauh tertinggal dibandingkan pebalap-pebalap top lain. Dia hanya menempati urutan ketujuh di tahun 2011 dan urutan keenam di tahun ini. Menurut Lorenzo, motor jadi faktor utama di balik merosotnya prestasi Rossi. Dia menganggap motor Desmosedici andalan Ducati tak mudah untuk dikendarai.

"Itu benar, motor Ducati tampaknya sangat rumit," ucap Lorenzo yang dikutip Autosport.

"Cuma Casey (Stoner) yang bisa juara dan membalap dengan motor itu. Jadi, pastinya memang tidak mudah," lanjutnya.

"Vale adalah pebalap yang tangguh dan sangat lengkap. Tapi, dia tak bisa menang dengan motor itu," kata Lorenzo.

Mulai musim 2013, Rossi tak akan menunggangi Ducati lagi. Dia sudah kembali ke Yamaha, yang dulu pernah dibelanya pada periode 2004-2010.

"Mungkin bersama Yamaha dia akan kembali ke level tinggi," ujar Lorenzo.

"Kembalinya Vale ke Yamaha bagus untuk kami karena kami akan menjadi tim yang makin kompetitif dibandingkan musim lalu," tambah juara dunia dua kali ini.

"Dia punya motivasi yang sangat tinggi untuk terus berjuang mengejar kemenangan. Jadi, saya sangat menantikan penampilannya di atas motor Yamaha," katanya.

sumber : http://sport.detik.com/read/2012/12/27/200748/2128322/81/lorenzo-bersama-yamaha-rossi-akan-kembali-ke-level-terbaik?s99220269